运动预处理对力竭运动大鼠大脑皮质GFAP表达的影响     

陈昱  任秀琪 《北京体育大学学报》2010,(10)

目的:建立SD大鼠运动预处理模型和一次性力竭运动模型,探讨运动预处理对一次性力竭运动诱导的大鼠大脑皮质神经胶质酸性蛋白表达的影响。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:对照组(C组),力竭运动组(EE组),运动预处理组(EP组),EP组采用持续4周的中等游泳负荷训练后,EE组和EP组负自身体重的3%进行一次性力竭运动游泳,用免疫组织化学法及免疫印迹法检测大鼠大脑GFAP的表达。结果:EE组GFAP表达强度较C组无显著性差异(P>0.05),EP组较EE组及C组显著增强(P<0.05);EP组大鼠力竭游泳时间较EE组明显延长(P<0.05)。结论:一次性力竭运动大脑中GFAP未见明显活化,可能参与了中枢性运动疲劳的病理生理过程,而运动预处理后GFAP可显著活化,这可能是其提高运动能力,缓解中枢性运动疲劳的机制之一。  相似文献   

对吉林省男子速滑运动员赛前营养补充方案和监测指标变化的研究     

张迪  王露 《吉林体育学院学报》2010,26(4):90-91

通过监测吉林省速滑运动员赛前训练的生理生化指标（血红蛋白、血尿素、肌酸激酶、尿蛋白等）变化,来调整和确定训练的营养补充方案,进一步探讨营养生化监控和科学训练的关系,并发现赛前全队平均血红蛋白浓度、血尿素浓度和肌酸激酶指标都处于较理想范围;全队尿蛋白浓度和尿蛋白阳性检出率都明显下降。说明赛前训练改善了运动员的体能状况和运动员对训练负荷的适应情况良好。  相似文献   

Deletion analysis of SMN1 and NAIP genes in southern Chinese children with spinal muscular atrophy     

Yu-hua Liang  Xiao-ling Chen  Zhong-sheng Yu  Chun-yue Chen  Sheng Bi  Lian-gen Mao  Bo-lin Zhou  Xian-ning Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(1):29-34

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar motor neurons leading to progressive limb and trunk paralysis as well as muscular atrophy. Three types of SMA are recognized depending on the age of onset, the maximum muscular activity achieved, and survivorship: SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene has been identified as an SMA determining gene, whereas the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene is considered to be a modifying factor of the severity of SMA. The main objective of this study was to analyze the deletion of SMN1 and NAIP genes in southern Chinese children with SMA. Here, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed to detect the deletion of both exon 7 and exon 8 of SMN1 and exon 5 of NAIP in 62 southern Chinese children with strongly suspected clinical symptoms of SMA. All the 32 SMA1 patients and 76% (13/17) of SMA2 patients showed homozygous deletions for exon 7 and exon 8, and all the 13 SMA3 patients showed single deletion of SMN1 exon 7 along with 24% (4/17) of SMA2 patients. Eleven out of 32 (34%) SMA1 patients showed NAIP deletion, and none of SMA2 and SMA3 patients was found to have NAIP deletion. The findings of homozygous deletions of exon 7 and/or exon 8 of SMN1 gene confirmed the diagnosis of SMA, and suggested that the deletion of SMN1 exon 7 is a major cause of SMA in southern Chinese children, and that the NAIP gene may be a modifying factor for disease severity of SMA1. The molecular diagnosis system based on PCR-RFLP analysis can conveniently be applied in the clinical testing, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis of SMA. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. J0710043), and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C33049), China  相似文献   

尿儿茶酚胺监控田径运动员训练负荷适应性的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晨  朱耀康 《成都体育学院学报》2012,38(8):63-65

在冬训期间,对上海田径队4名400米健将级运动员于每周一晨、大运动量训练后及第二天晨收集尿样,进行尿儿茶酚胺的检测。结论:(1)对于400米田径运动员,尿儿茶酚胺是一个较好的训练负荷适应性监控指标;(2)赛前肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素应基本恢复到赛前训练初的基础水平,而多巴胺含量应有所提高,这有助于比赛中竞技水平的发挥。(3)在用尿儿茶酚胺评价训练负荷适应性时,应注意个体化分析。  相似文献   

Building muscle: nutrition to maximize bulk and strength adaptations to resistance exercise training     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):67-76

Abstract

Several nutritional strategies can optimize muscle bulk and strength adaptations and enhance recovery from heavy training sessions. Adequate energy intake to meet the needs of training and carbohydrate intake sufficient to maintain glycogen stores (>7 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for women; >8 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for men) are important. Dietary protein intake for top sport athletes should include some foods with high biological value, with a maximum requirement of approximately 1.7 g·kg^?1·day^?1 being easily met with an energy sufficient diet. The early provision of carbohydrate (>1 g·kg^?1) and protein (>10 g) early after an exercise session will enhance protein balance and optimize glycogen repletion. Creatine monohydrate supplementation over several days increases body mass through water retention and can increase high-intensity repetitive ergometer performance. Creatine supplementation can enhance total body and lean fat free mass gains during resistance exercise training; however, strength gains do not appear to be enhanced versus an optimal nutritional strategy (immediate post-exercise protein and carbohydrate). Some studies have suggested that β-OH-methyl butyric acid (β-HMB) can enhance gains made through resistance exercise training; however, it has not been compared “head to head” with optimal nutritional practices. Overall, the most effective way to increase strength and bulk is to perform sport-specific resistance exercise training with the provision of adequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein. Creatine monohydrate and β-HMB supplementation may enhance the strength gains made through training by a small margin but the trade-off is likely to be greater bulk, which may be ergolytic for any athlete participating in a weight-supported activity.  相似文献   

Effects of a resistance-training programme on endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and mitochondrial functions in PBMCs from elderly subjects     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):931-940

Abstract

Aging has been related with a decline in the ability to handle protein folding, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations in unfolded protein response (UPR). Importantly, physical activity could activate the UPR and attenuate or prevent age-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. The current study evaluated the effects of a resistance exercise on UPR and mitochondrial functions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from elderly subjects. Thirty healthy women and men (age, 72.8, s_x??=?2.2 years) were randomized to a training group, which performed an 8-week resistance training programme, or a control group, which followed their daily routines. The phosphorylation of PERK and IRE1, as well as ATF4, and XBP1 protein expression, significantly increased following the training, while expression of BiP, AFT6 and CHOP remain without changes. Additionally, the intervention also induced an increase in PGC-1α and Mfn1 protein levels, while no changes were found in Drp1 expression. Finally, the resistance protocol was not able to activate PINK1/Parkin and Bnip3/Nix pathways. The results obtained seem to indicate that 8-week resistance exercise activates the UPR, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, maintains mitochondrial dynamics and prevents mitophagy activation by unfolded proteins in PBMCs from elderly subjects.  相似文献   

Urea production during prolonged swimming     

Peter W.R. Lemon  David T. Deutsch  Warren R. Payne 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):241-246

Male interscholastic swimmers (n = 8) completed a 4572 m training swim in 62 ±1.1 min (x ± s.e.) with terminal heart rate and blood lactate of 152 ± 6 beats min^‐1 and 6.9±0.89 mM, respectively. Sweat rate (0.48±0.0951. h^‐1) was lower than similar intensity cycling (1.5±0.13 1. h^‐1) or running (1.1 ± 0.14 l.h^‐1). Post‐swim serum urea N (11.6±0.71 mM) was elevated (P<0.05) vs pre‐swim (4.6±0.39 mM). Post‐swim urine volume (860±75 ml 24 h^‐1) was reduced (P<0.07) and resulted in an elevated (P<0.05), but delayed (24–84 h), post‐exercise urea N excretion. Although the reduced urine and sweat production during the swim undoubtedly contributed to the elevated serum urea, there must be another explanation because together they could only account for 38% of the observed increase. On the basis of the magnitude of serum urea increase, it appears that the swim caused an increase in urea production (amino acid oxidation). The failure to observe larger increases in urinary urea during recovery indicates that either urea excretion following exercise continues for prolonged periods of time (>48 h) or another significant mode of nitrogen excretion exists.  相似文献   

热休克蛋白70及运动对衰老的影响研究     

石真玉  别业军  吴剑明  王薇  何亚新 《军事体育进修学院学报》2013,(2):122-124

衰老的机制到目前为止没有确切的理论解释,许多研究表明衰老与HSP70的关系密切.论文对HSP70与衰老之间的相互影响及其机制等方面进行了综述,并着重探讨了运动诱导的HSP70对衰老机体的作用,以期为运动延缓衰老提供有力的理论依据.  相似文献   

Energy expenditure and dietary intake in professional football players in the Dutch Premier League: Implications for nutritional counselling     

Naomi Y.J. Brinkmans  Nick Iedema  Guy Plasqui  Loek Wouters  Wim H.M. Saris  Luc J.C. van Loon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2759-2767

ABSTRACT

Selecting effective dietary strategies for professional football players requires comprehensive information on their energy expenditure (EE) and dietary intake. This observational study aimed to assess EE and dietary intake over a 14-day period in a representative group (n = 41) of professional football players playing in the Dutch Premier League (Eredivisie). Daily EE, as assessed by doubly labelled water, was 13.8 ± 1.5 MJ/day, representing a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.75 ± 0.13. Weighted mean energy intake (EI), as assessed by three face-to-face 24-h recalls, was 11.1 ± 2.9 MJ/day, indicating 18 ± 15% underreporting of EI. Daily EI was higher on match days (13.1 ± 4.1 MJ) compared with training (11.1 ± 3.4 MJ; P < 0.01) and rest days (10.5 ± 3.1 MJ; P < 0.001). Daily carbohydrate intake was significantly higher during match days (5.1 ± 1.7 g/kg body mass (BM)) compared with training (3.9 ± 1.5 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and rest days (3.7 ± 1.4 g/kg BM; P < 0.001). Weighted mean protein intake was 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg BM. Daytime distribution of protein intake was skewed, with lowest intakes at breakfast and highest at dinner. In conclusion, daily EE and PAL of professional football players are modest. Daily carbohydrate intake should be increased to maximize performance and recovery. Daily protein intake seems more than adequate, but could be distributed more evenly throughout the day.  相似文献   

Parallel assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes: Validation against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion,and indirect calorimetry     

Karsten Koehler  Hans Braun  Markus De Marées  Gerhard Fusch  Christoph Fusch  Joachim Mester 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1435-1449

Abstract

The assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes requires accurate and precise methods. The aim of this study was to validate a protocol for parallel assessment of diet and exercise against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion, and respiratory gas exchange. The participants were 14 male triathletes under normal training conditions. Energy intake and doubly labelled water were weakly associated with each other (r = 0.69, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 304 kcal · day^?1). Protein intake was strongly correlated with 24-h urea (r = 0.89) but showed considerable individual variation (SEE = 0.34 g · kg^?1 · day^?1). Total energy expenditure based on recorded activities was highly correlated with doubly labelled water (r = 0.95, SEE = 195 kcal · day^?1) but was proportionally biased. During running and cycling, estimated exercise energy expenditure was highly correlated with gas exchange (running: r = 0.89, SEE = 1.6 kcal · min^?1; cycling: r = 0.95, SEE = 1.4 kcal · min^?1). High exercise energy expenditure was slightly underestimated during running. For nutrition data, variations appear too large for precise measurements in individual athletes, which is a common problem of dietary assessment methods. Despite the high correlations of total energy expenditure and exercise energy expenditure with reference methods, a correction for systematic errors is necessary for the valid estimation of energetic requirements in individual athletes.  相似文献